History of Wu Kingdoms

吳 Wu
← 229–280 →
The territories of Eastern Wu (in green), AD 262
Capital	Wuchang (222-229, 265-266) Jianye (229-265, 266-280)
Language(s)	Chinese
Religion	Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion
Government	Monarchy
Emperor
- 229 - 252	Sun Quan
- 252 - 258	Sun Liang
- 258 - 264	Sun Xiu
- 264 - 280	Sun Hao
Historical era	Three Kingdoms
- Establishment	229
- Sun Quan declares himself emperor	229
- Conquest of Wu by Jin	280
Population
-  est.	10,000,000[citation needed]
Currency	Chinese coin, Chinese cash

Eastern Wu (simplified Chinese: 东吴; traditional Chinese: 東吳; pinyin: Dōng Wú), also known as Sun Wu (simplified Chinese: 孙吴; traditional Chinese: 孫吳; pinyin: Sūn Wú), was one of the Three Kingdoms competing for control of China after the fall of the Han Dynasty in the Jiangnan (Yangtze Delta) region of China. During its existence, its capital was largely at Jianye (建業), modern Nanjing), but at times was at Wuchang (武昌, in modern Ezhou, Hubei).

Contents 1 History 2 Legacy 3 List of sovereigns 4 Gallery

History

During the decline of the Han dynasty, the region of Wu - a region in the south of the Yangtze River surrounding Nanjing - was under the control of the warlord Sun Quan. Sun Quan succeeded his brother Sun Ce as the lord over the Wu region paying nominal allegiance to Emperor Xian of Han (who was, at that point, under the control of Cao Cao). Unlike his competitors, he did not really have the ambition to be Emperor of China. However, after Cao Pi of Cao Wei and Liu Bei of the Shu Han each declared themselves to be the Emperor, Sun Quan decided to follow suit in 229, claiming to have founded the Wu Dynasty.
Sun Quan's long reign resulted in the stabilizing of the south. Wu and Shu had a military alliance, to defeat Wei in the north. Wu never managed to gain territory north of the Yangtze river, but Wei never managed to take territory south of the river.
Eastern Wu was finally conquered by the first Jin emperor, Sima Yan, in 280. Wu was the longest-lived of the three kingdoms.

Legacy

Under the rule of Eastern Wu, the Yangtze River Delta region, regarded in early history as a barbaric "jungle" developed into one of the commercial, cultural, and political centers of China. Within five centuries, during the Five Dynasties and Ten States, the development of Southern China centered around Jiangnan had surpassed that of the north. The achievements of Wu marked the beginning of the cultural and political division between Northern and Southern China that would repeatedly appear in Chinese history well into modernity.
The island of Taiwan may have been first reached by the Chinese during the Three Kingdoms period. Contacts with the native population and the dispatch of officials to an island named "Yizhou" (夷州) by the Eastern Wu navy might have been to Taiwan, but the location of Yizhou is open to dispute; some historians believe it was Taiwan, while others believe it was the Ryūkyū Islands.

List of sovereigns

Eastern Wu 222-280

Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號)	Personal names	Year(s) of Reigns	Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their range of years
Convention: use personal name
Da Di (大帝 dà dì)	Sun Quan (孫權 sūn quán)	222-252	Huangwu (黃武 huáng wǔ) 222-229 Huanglong (黃龍 huáng lóng) 229-231 Jiahe (嘉禾 jiā hé) 232-238 Chiwu (赤烏 chì wū) 238-251 Taiyuan (太元 taì yuán) 251-252 Shenfeng (神鳳 shén2 fèng) 252
Kuaiji Wang (會稽王 kuaì jī wáng)	Sun Liang (孫亮 sūn liàng)	252-258	Jianxing (建興 jiàn xīng) 252-253 Wufeng (五鳳 wǔ fèng) 254-256 Taiping (太平 taì píng) 256-258
Jing Di (景帝 jǐng dì)	Sun Xiu (孫休 sūn xiū)	258-264	Yong'an (永安 yǒng ān) 258-264
Wucheng Hou (烏程侯 wū chéng hóu) or Guiming Hou (歸命侯; gūi mìng hóu)	Sun Hao (孫皓 sūn haò)	264-280	Yuanxing (元興 yuán xīng) 264-265 Ganlu (甘露 gān lù) 265-266 Baoding (寶鼎 baǒ dǐng) 266-269 Jianheng (建衡 jiàn héng) 269-271 Fenghuang (鳳凰 fèng huáng) 272-274 Tiance (天冊 tiān cè) 275-276 Tianxi (天璽 tiān xǐ) 276 Tianji (天紀 tiān jì) 277-280

Gallery

Jar with modeled figurines from Eastern Wu, 222-280 CE, Shanghai Museum.